Indexes that were created with CREATE INDEX must be dropped with DROP INDEX.

Specify OUTBOUND to migrate data from SQL Server to Azure. { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGER

Online index rebuild can set the low_priority_lock_wait options described later in this section. When you enable Stretch for a table by specifying ON, you also have to specify MIGRATION_STATE = OUTBOUND to begin migrating data immediately, or MIGRATION_STATE = PAUSED to postpone data migration. Please re-enable javascript in your browser settings. They can't reference Transact-SQL expressions. Online alter column doesn't support altering to an XML data type that has a schema collection different than the current schema collection. If the table doesn't have a clustered index, the heap structure is only affected by some of the options. Altering a column from NOT NULL to NULL isn't supported as an online operation when the altered column is referenced by nonclustered indexes. If a CHECK constraint, FOREIGN KEY constraint, or computed columns reference the column changed.

The SQL Server (Transact-SQL) ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, modify, or drop columns in a table. Restricts the maximum number of processors used in a parallel index operation to the specified number.

A partitioned table with a clustered columstore index behaves like a partitioned heap: For SWITCH restriction when using replication, see Replicate Partitioned Tables and Indexes. NOCHECK CONSTRAINT is used with ALTER TABLE to disable the constraint and allow for an insert that would typically violate the constraint. Use the following links to take you directly to the appropriate syntax block for your table types and to the appropriate syntax examples: To view Transact-SQL syntax for SQL Server 2014 and earlier, see Previous versions documentation. SELF The modifications made to the table are logged and fully recoverable.

Applies to: SQL Server (all supported versions) Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Parallel Data Warehouse. If the Database Engine detects that the system is busy, the degree of parallelism of the operation is automatically reduced before statement execution starts. Online index rebuild isn't supported when the table contains legacy LOB or filestream columns or when the table has a columnstore index. This option allows SQL Server Database Engine to select the lock escalation granularity that's appropriate for the table schema. Enabling Stretch for a table also requires ALTER permissions on the table. If the table isn't partitioned, lock escalation is set at the TABLE level.

On the File menu, click Savetable name. At the end of the operation, for a short time, an S (Shared) lock is acquired on the source if a nonclustered index is being created.

The following example shows how to add system versioning to an existing table and create a future history table. Home | About Us | Contact Us | Testimonials | Donate. Each row in the table has new incremental values in the identity column. This behavior is automatic. REBUILD WITH ( ) The following data types are allowed for the filter column. If the conversion fails, SQL Server terminates the statement and issues an error message.

The following example decompresses a columnstore table partition that was compressed with COLUMNSTORE_ARCHIVE option. An offline index operation that creates a nonclustered index acquires a Shared (S) lock on the table. The following statement adds an encrypted column named PromotionCode.

New columns are added after all existing columns in the table being altered.

While the existing rows reference the value stored in metadata, the default value is stored on the row for any new rows that are inserted and don't specify another value for the column. When the online index rebuild launches, it blocks all new transactions that are ready to start running on this table.

Adding or removing triggers on base tables isn't affected by creating a schema-bound view that references the tables. For more information, see Make Schema Changes on Publication Databases. PERIOD FOR SYSTEM_TIME You can define a column_constraint and/or Specify Default Values for Columns for the system_start_time and system_end_time columns.

You can manually configure the number of processors that are used to run the statement by specifying the MAXDOP option.

For more information, see Configure the max degree of parallelism Server Configuration Option.

If any index, statistics, or full-text index are created on the column.

For function parameters, see Dynamic Data Masking. Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2016 (13.x) and later) and Azure SQL Database.

The following example splits a partition on a table. In Object Explorer, right-click the table with columns for which you want to change the scale and click Design. If WITH VALUES isn't used, each row has the value NULL in the new column.

The following example increases the size of a varchar column and the precision and scale of a decimal column. Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 and later) and Azure SQL Database. Specifies whether change tracking is enabled disabled for the table.

The syntax to modify a column in an existing table in SQL Server (Transact-SQL) is: ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name column_type; Example.

The retention period is specified as a combination of an positive integer value and the date part unit. To run the DDL for SWITCH or online index rebuild, all active blocking transactions running on a particular table must be completed. This lock prevents updates to the underlying table but allows read operations, such as SELECT statements.

Specifies whether underlying tables and associated indexes are available for queries and data modification during the index operation. Partition 1 (has data): OrderDate < '2004-01-01', Partition 2 (has data): '2004-01-01' <= OrderDate < '2005-01-01', Partition 3 (has data): '2005-01-01' <= OrderDate< '2006-01-01', Partition 4 (has data): '2006-01-01'<= OrderDate < '2007-01-01', Partition 5 (has data): '2007-01-01' <= OrderDate, Partition 1 (no data): OrderDate < '2004-01-01', Partition 2 (empty): '2004-01-01' <= OrderDate, Partition 1 (empty): OrderDate < '2004-01-01', Partition 1 (has data): OrderDate < '2005-01-01', Partition 2 (has data): '2005-01-01' <= OrderDate< '2006-01-01', Partition 3 (has data): '2006-01-01'<= OrderDate < '2007-01-01', Partition 4 (has data): '2007-01-01' <= OrderDate, Partition 2 (empty): '2004-01-01' < '2005-01-01', Partition 3 (empty): '2005-01-01' <= OrderDate. The following example shows how to encrypt a column using Always Encrypted with secure enclaves. You can disable it.

For more information, see Editions and Supported Features for SQL Server 2016, and Editions and Supported Features for SQL Server 2017.

Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2014 (12.x) and later) and Azure SQL Database.

The corresponding indexes, or index partitions, must also be located in the same filegroup.

Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 and later) and Azure SQL Database. target_table can be a multi-part identifier.

CHECK CONSTRAINT re-enables the constraint. The following example moves the data in a partition of the Orders table to a partition in the OrdersHistory table. Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 and later) and Azure SQL Database.

Uses the actual number of processors or fewer based on the current system workload. First, create a new table with one column whose data type is INT: Second, modify the data type of the column from INT to VARCHAR: Third, insert a new row with a character string data: Fourth, modify the data type of the column from VARCHAR back to INT: The following statement creates a new table with one column whose data type is VARCHAR(10): Let’s insert some sample data into the t2 table: You can increase the size of the column as follows: However, when you decrease the size of the column, SQL Server checks the existing data to see if it can convert data based on the new size.

The storage of sparse columns is optimized for null values. You can use the ALTER TABLE statement in SQL Server to modify a column in a table.

The ALTER TABLE REBUILD PARTITION ... syntax rebuilds the specified partition.

For more information, see SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER. You can run REBUILD as an ONLINE operation. In an ALTER TABLE...SWITCH operation, the lock is acquired on both the source and target tables.

PARTITION = ALL Optionally, you might also want to drop the period columns used by the system to record system versioning information.

Indicates that the column is a sparse column. In this example, the Orders table has the following partitions. For example: ALTER TABLE employees ALTER COLUMN last_name VARCHAR(75) NOT NULL; Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2008 and later) and Azure SQL Database.

mask_function is the name of the masking function with the appropriate parameters.

ALTER COLUMN can't have a collation change if one or more of the following conditions exist: NULL | NOT NULL

The data type is required, even though it isn't changed. SET ( FILETABLE_DIRECTORY = directory_name ) Specifies the name of the trigger to disable or enable. Both are hash-distributed on the id column.

The following examples show adding and modifying sparse columns in table T1. Specifies that trigger_name is enabled or disabled.

)] Reducing the precision or scale of a column can cause data truncation. For more information, see CAST and CONVERT. For a list and more information, see Windows Collation Name and SQL Server Collation Name. Statistics that are automatically generated by the query optimizer are automatically dropped by ALTER COLUMN.

Instead, the default value is stored only in the metadata of the table and the value is looked up, as needed, in queries that access these rows.

Any constraint violations that are suppressed by WITH NOCHECK when the constraint is added may cause future updates to fail if they update rows with data that doesn't follow the constraint. Such constraints are ignored until they are re-enabled by using ALTER TABLE table WITH CHECK CHECK CONSTRAINT ALL.

In the Column Properties tab, click the grid cell for the Data Type property and choose a new data type from the drop-down list.

The following example adds a column that allows null values and has no values provided through a DEFAULT definition. Conditionally drops the column or constraint only if it already exists. Allows many alter column actions to be carried out while the table remains available. Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2017 (14.x) and later) and Azure SQL Database. However, you can use sp_rename, though Microsoft recommends that you drop and recreate the table so that scripts and stored procedures are not broken. The primary key must include the partition key.

You can specify existing columns or create new columns as part of the ADD PERIOD FOR SYSTEM_TIME argument.

Applies to: SQL Server (SQL Server 2014 (12.x) and later) and Azure SQL Database. Adding a column is allowed. S-lock on the table is required in the beginning of the index rebuild and a Sch-M lock on the table at the end of the online index rebuild.

When creating a link to an existing history table, you can choose to do a data consistency check. SET ( SYSTEM_VERSIONING = { OFF | ON [ ( HISTORY_TABLE = schema_name .

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