Originally developed for workforce health promotion, HRA is based on self-reports to guide risk factor interventions, with subsequent individualised feedback to participants on their health status and on how to promote health, maintain function, or prevent disease [9,10]. At 8 y, the primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was cause-specific mortality. Also, early identification of, and intervention for, previously unknown health and functional deficits may contribute to better outcomes in older people [3]. University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America,

In addition, we conducted an a priori planned subgroup analysis according to the baseline Pra risk score [25] of study participants (high risk for adverse health outcomes defined as Pra score ≥ 0.286).

1. In addition, the expert panel also selected 11 preventive care recommendations for inclusion in the questionnaire based on the 1996 guidelines of the US Preventive Services Task Force [21]. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. There is no previous research on long-term outcomes of HRA for comparison. The main limitations of the study include the single-site study design, the use of a brief self-administered questionnaire for 2-y outcome data collection, the unavailability of other long-term outcome data (e.g., functional status, nursing home admissions), and the availability of long-term follow-up data on mortality for analysis only in 2014.

The PCPs generated lists of all patients aged 65 y or older whom they had seen at least once over the past 5 y. What are consumers purchasing and in what combinations? Several countries have introduced multimodal preventive care programmes available to healthy older individuals, and are challenged to decide whether, and if so how, these programmes should be continued. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an innovative approach to HRA and counselling in older individuals for health behaviours, preventive care, and long-term survival. PCPs used the reports to motivate patients to reduce unhealthy behaviours in collaboration with the nurse counsellors, to implement preventive care interventions (e.g., influenza vaccination, blood pressure measurement), and to refer patients for specialty-based preventive care (e.g., breast cancer screening, ophthalmology referral). At VA, we match you with the right types of position from your first job search through our interviewing process and extension of job offers. After 8 y, mortality was significantly lower in individuals receiving the intervention than in individuals in the control group. Participants’ adherence to preventive care recommendations usually performed in PCP practices were abstracted from PCP records by data extractors blinded to group allocation. We also thank Adrian Spoerri and Kurt Schmidlin (Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland) for help with data linkage. In contrast, the HRA-based approach tested in the present study was designed for the approximate 80% of the older population without pre-existing disability. No, Is the Subject Area "Nurses" applicable to this article? Yet Amazon likely does not have a full “solution” in mind just yet. Performed the experiments: AES UM UW JW SB. PLoS Med 12(10): So where is the link to health care? The study methods and selected baseline findings of the present trial conducted in Solothurn have been previously published [14,15], and the detailed study protocol and analysis plan are available in S1 Text. The PRO-AGE study consists of three trials of HRA conducted in Solothurn (the present trial), Hamburg, and London. The PCPs and nurse counsellors received training and support from project geriatricians. Given this state of affairs, it is worth thinking about Amazon’s efforts in a conditional manner: If Amazon succeeds in changing health care, how might it do so? At 1-y follow-up, this study found no or only minimal intervention effects on health behaviours and preventive care use among older individuals, which is consistent with the fact that personal reinforcement was likely minimal [12].

At baseline, intervention group participants had about seven risk factors on average (including unfavorable health behaviors, health and functional impairments, and social risk factors) and 4–5 deficits in recommended preventative care. Second, a proportion (14.4%) of participants allocated to the intervention group did not complete the HRA-O questionnaire at baseline, and were therefore not offered the intervention as planned during the 2-y follow-up period.

From November 2000 to January 2002, 874 participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and 1,410 to usual care. The Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer (OCHCO) enables solutions to attract, retain, and serve VA employees—the vitally important people … The number needed to treat was 21 (95% CI 12–79) (i.e., 21 individuals needed to receive the intervention to prevent one death over 8 y). Our offices are located at 810 Vermont Ave., NW Washington D.C. 20420, + Required plugins [ Get Viewer Software ]. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001889, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001889, WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health, Prevention in Older People–Assessment in Generalists’ Practices (PRO-AGE) trial, http://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/state-aging-health-in-america-2013.pdf, http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/global_health.pdf, http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2007/RAND_RP1225.pdf, http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Coverage/DeterminationProcess/downloads/id79ta.pdf, http://innovation.cms.gov/Files/reports/SrRiskReductionDemo-FinalEval.pdf, The US National Institute on Aging provides information on, The UK National Health Service and Age UK (a not-for-profit organization) have produced a, The World Health Organization provides information on many aspects of, The United Nations Population Fund and HelpAge International publication.

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